Who issues the written order that authorizes an arrest or search?

• A. Judge
• B. Attorney
• C. Governor
• D. Magistrate

Answer: (D)

A written order authorizing an arrest or search is a warrant, and it is issued by a magistrate. A magistrate is a neutral judicial official who reviews evidence presented by law enforcement—typically in an sworn affidavit—to determine whether there is probable cause to justify depriving someone of liberty or privacy. If the magistrate finds sufficient cause, they sign and issue the warrant, which specifies who or what is to be arrested or searched, the location, the items to be seized, and the scope and duration of the authority. This process provides a check on police power and protects constitutional rights by requiring a judicial endorsement based on probable cause. Attorneys don’t issue warrants; their role is to represent clients and advocate or challenge actions in court. Governors don’t issue warrants for arrests or searches, and while judges can issue warrants in many jurisdictions, the term in this context highlights the official empowered to sign such written orders—the magistrate.